The special collection brings together papers on the production, perception, and representation of phonological categories, both at the segmental and at the prosodic level. A wide perspective on the issue is given by contributions ranging from acoustic and articulatory investigations to neurophysiological and gestural studies, focusing on a variety of typologically different oral languages and on sign languages. Papers include selected contributions from the third “Phonetics and Phonology in Europe” (PaPE) conference held in Lecce,Italy, in June 2019, along with regularly submitted papers reflecting the themes of this special collection. The collection has been edited by Barbara Gili Fivela and Cinzia Avesani.